China Good quality Kc3102 Chain Couplings & Coupling Chains

Product Description

Chain couplings

The  Chain coupling is composed of a duplex roller chain and a pair of coupling sprockets. The function of connection and detachment is done by the joint of chain. It has the characteristic of compact and powerful, excellent durability, safe and smart, simple installation and easy alignment. The Xihu (West Lake) Dis.hua Chain coupling is suitable for a wide range of coupling applications.
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Roller chain( Coupling Chains)

Though Hans Renold is credited with inventing the roller chain in 1880, sketches by Leonardo da Vinci in the 16th century show a chain with a roller bearing.Coupling chains)Coupling chains

Roller chain or bush roller chain is the type of chain drive most commonly used for transmission of mechanical power on many kinds of domestic, industrial and agricultural machinery, including conveyors, wire- and tube-drawing machines, printing presses, cars, motorcycles, and bicycles. It consists of a series of short cylindrical rollers held together by side links. It is driven by a toothed wheel called a sprocket. It is a simple, reliable, and efficient^[1] means of power transmission.

*The number of roller depends CHINAMFG the specific application

*The number of roller depends CHINAMFG the specific application

*The number of roller depends CHINAMFG the specific application

^{Construction of the chain
Two different sizes of roller chain, showing construction.
There are 2 types of links alternating in the bush roller chain. The first type is inner links, having 2 inner plates held together by 2 sleeves or bushings CHINAMFG which rotate 2 rollers. Inner links alternate with the second type, the outer links, consisting of 2 outer plates held together by pins passing through the bushings of the inner links. The “bushingless” roller chain is similar in operation though not in construction; instead of separate bushings or sleeves holding the inner plates together, the plate has a tube stamped into it protruding from the hole which serves the same purpose. This has the advantage of removing 1 step in assembly of the chain.}

The roller chain design reduces friction compared to simpler designs, resulting in higher efficiency and less wear. The original power transmission chain varieties lacked rollers and bushings, with both the inner and outer plates held by pins which directly contacted the sprocket teeth; however this configuration exhibited extremely rapid wear of both the sprocket teeth, and the plates where they pivoted on the pins. This problem was partially solved by the development of bushed chains, with the pins holding the outer plates passing through bushings or sleeves connecting the inner plates. This distributed the wear over a greater area; however the teeth of the sprockets still wore more rapidly than is desirable, from the sliding friction against the bushings. The addition of rollers surrounding the bushing sleeves of the chain and provided rolling contact with the teeth of the sprockets resulting in excellent resistance to wear of both sprockets and chain as well. There is even very low friction, as long as the chain is sufficiently lubricated. Continuous, clean, lubrication of roller chains is of primary importance for efficient operation as well as correct tensioning.

^{Lubrication
Many driving chains (for example, in factory equipment, or driving a camshaft inside an internal combustion engine) operate in clean environments, and thus the wearing surfaces (that is, the pins and bushings) are safe from precipitation and airborne grit, many even in a sealed environment such as an oil bath. Some roller chains are designed to have o-rings built into the space between the outside link plate and the inside roller link plates. Chain manufacturers began to include this feature in 1971 after the application was invented by Joseph Montano while working for Whitney Chain of Hartford, Connecticut. O-rings were included as a way to improve lubrication to the links of power transmission chains, a service that is vitally important to extending their working life. These rubber fixtures form a barrier that holds factory applied lubricating grease inside the pin and bushing wear areas. Further, the rubber o-rings prevent dirt and other contaminants from entering inside the chain linkages, where such particles would otherwise cause significant wear.[citation needed]}

There are also many chains that have to operate in dirty conditions, and for size or operational reasons cannot be sealed. Examples include chains on farm equipment, bicycles, and chain saws. These chains will necessarily have relatively high rates of wear, particularly when the operators are prepared to accept more friction, less efficiency, more noise and more frequent replacement as they neglect lubrication and adjustment.

Many oil-based lubricants attract dirt and other particles, eventually forming an CHINAMFG paste that will compound wear on chains. This problem can be circumvented by use of a “dry” PTFE spray, which forms a CHINAMFG film after application and repels both particles and moisture.

^{Variants in design}

^{Layout of a roller chain: 1. Outer plate, 2. Inner plate, 3. Pin, 4. Bushing, 5. Roller
If the chain is not being used for a high wear application (for instance if it is just transmitting motion from a hand-operated lever to a control shaft on a machine, or a sliding door on an oven), then 1 of the simpler types of chain may still be used. Conversely, where extra strength but the smooth drive of a smaller pitch is required, the chain may be “siamesed”; instead of just 2 rows of plates on the outer sides of the chain, there may be 3 (“duplex”), 4 (“triplex”), or more rows of plates running parallel, with bushings and rollers between each adjacent pair, and the same number of rows of teeth running in parallel on the sprockets to match. Timing chains on automotive engines, for example, typically have multiple rows of plates called strands.}

Roller chain is made in several sizes, the most common American National Standards Institute (ANSI) standards being 40, 50, 60, and 80. The first digit(s) indicate the pitch of the chain in eighths of an inch, with the last digit being 0 for standard chain, 1 for lightweight chain, and 5 for bushed chain with no rollers. Thus, a chain with half-inch pitch would be a #40 while a #160 sprocket would have teeth spaced 2 inches apart, etc. Metric pitches are expressed in sixteenths of an inch; thus a metric #8 chain (08B-1) would be equivalent to an ANSI #40. Most roller chain is made from plain carbon or alloy steel, but stainless steel is used in food processing machinery or other places where lubrication is a problem, and nylon or brass are occasionally seen for the same reason.

Roller chain is ordinarily hooked up using a master link (also known as a connecting link), which typically has 1 pin held by a horseshoe clip rather than friction fit, allowing it to be inserted or removed with simple tools. Chain with a removable link or pin is also known as cottered chain, which allows the length of the chain to be adjusted. Half links (also known as offsets) are available and are used to increase the length of the chain by a single roller. Riveted roller chain has the master link (also known as a connecting link) “riveted” or mashed on the ends. These pins are made to be durable and are not removable.

Use

An example of 2 ‘ghost’ sprockets tensioning a triplex roller chain system
Roller chains are used in low- to mid-speed drives at around 600 to 800 feet per minute; however, at higher speeds, around 2,000 to 3,000 feet per minute, V-belts are normally used due to wear and noise issues.
A bicycle chain is a form of roller chain. Bicycle chains may have a master link, or may require a chain tool for removal and installation. A similar but larger and thus stronger chain is used on most motorcycles although it is sometimes replaced by either a toothed belt or a shaft drive, which offer lower noise level and fewer maintenance requirements.
The great majority of automobile engines use roller chains to drive the camshaft(s). Very high performance engines often use gear drive, and starting in the early 1960s toothed belts were used by some manufacturers.
Chains are also used in forklifts using hydraulic rams as a pulley to raise and lower the carriage; however, these chains are not considered roller chains, but are classified as lift or leaf chains.
Chainsaw cutting chains superficially resemble roller chains but are more closely related to leaf chains. They are driven by projecting drive links which also serve to locate the chain CHINAMFG the bar.

Sea Harrier FA.2 ZA195 front (cold) vector thrust nozzle – the nozzle is rotated by a chain drive from an air motor
A perhaps unusual use of a pair of motorcycle chains is in the Harrier Jump Jet, where a chain drive from an air motor is used to rotate the movable engine nozzles, allowing them to be pointed downwards for hovering flight, or to the rear for normal CHINAMFG flight, a system known as Thrust vectoring.

Wear

The effect of wear on a roller chain is to increase the pitch (spacing of the links), causing the chain to grow longer. Note that this is due to wear at the pivoting pins and bushes, not from actual stretching of the metal (as does happen to some flexible steel components such as the hand-brake cable of a motor vehicle).

With modern chains it is unusual for a chain (other than that of a bicycle) to wear until it breaks, since a worn chain leads to the rapid onset of wear on the teeth of the sprockets, with ultimate failure being the loss of all the teeth on the sprocket. The sprockets (in particular the smaller of the two) suffer a grinding motion that puts a characteristic hook shape into the driven face of the teeth. (This effect is made worse by a chain improperly tensioned, but is unavoidable no matter what care is taken). The worn teeth (and chain) no longer provides smooth transmission of power and this may become evident from the noise, the vibration or (in car engines using a timing chain) the variation in ignition timing seen with a timing light. Both sprockets and chain should be replaced in these cases, since a new chain on worn sprockets will not last long. However, in less severe cases it may be possible to save the larger of the 2 sprockets, since it is always the smaller 1 that suffers the most wear. Only in very light-weight applications such as a bicycle, or in extreme cases of improper tension, will the chain normally jump off the sprockets.

The lengthening due to wear of a chain is calculated by the following formula:

{\displaystyle \%=((M-(S*P))/(S*P))*100}

M = the length of a number of links measured

S = the number of links measured

P = Pitch

In industry, it is usual to monitor the movement of the chain tensioner (whether manual or automatic) or the exact length of a drive chain (one rule of thumb is to replace a roller chain which has elongated 3% on an adjustable drive or 1.5% on a fixed-center drive). A simpler method, particularly suitable for the cycle or motorcycle user, is to attempt to pull the chain away from the larger of the 2 sprockets, whilst ensuring the chain is taut. Any significant movement (e.g. making it possible to see through a gap) probably indicates a chain worn up to and beyond the limit. Sprocket damage will result if the problem is ignored. Sprocket wear cancels this effect, and may mask chain wear.

Chain strength

The most common measure of roller chain’s strength is tensile strength. Tensile strength represents how much load a chain can withstand under a one-time load before breaking. Just as important as tensile strength is a chain’s fatigue strength. The critical factors in a chain’s fatigue strength is the quality of steel used to manufacture the chain, the heat treatment of the chain components, the quality of the pitch hole fabrication of the linkplates, and the type of shot plus the intensity of shot peen coverage on the linkplates. Other factors can include the thickness of the linkplates and the design (contour) of the linkplates. The rule of thumb for roller chain operating on a continuous drive is for the chain load to not exceed a mere 1/6 or 1/9 of the chain’s tensile strength, depending on the type of master links used (press-fit vs. slip-fit)^{[citation needed]}. Roller chains operating on a continuous drive beyond these thresholds can and typically do fail prematurely via linkplate fatigue failure.

The standard minimum ultimate strength of the ANSI 29.1 steel chain is 12,500 x (pitch, in inches)². X-ring and O-Ring chains greatly decrease wear by means of internal lubricants, increasing chain life. The internal lubrication is inserted by means of a vacuum when riveting the chain together.

Chain standards

Standards organizations (such as ANSI and ISO) maintain standards for design, dimensions, and interchangeability of transmission chains. For example, the following Table shows data from ANSI standard B29.1-2011 (Precision Power Transmission Roller Chains, Attachments, and Sprockets) developed by the American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME). See the references^[8][9][10] for additional information.

ASME/ANSI B29.1-2011 Roller Chain Standard SizesSizePitchMaximum Roller DiameterMinimum Ultimate Tensile StrengthMeasuring Load25

Notes:
1. The pitch is the distance between roller centers. The width is the distance between the link plates (i.e. slightly more than the roller width to allow for clearance).
2. The right-hand digit of the standard denotes 0 = normal chain, 1 = lightweight chain, 5 = rollerless bushing chain.
3. The left-hand digit denotes the number of eighths of an inch that make up the pitch.
4. An “H” following the standard number denotes heavyweight chain. A hyphenated number following the standard number denotes double-strand (2), triple-strand (3), and so on. Thus 60H-3 denotes number 60 heavyweight triple-strand chain.
 A typical bicycle chain (for derailleur gears) uses narrow 1⁄2-inch-pitch chain. The width of the chain is variable, and does not affect the load capacity. The more sprockets at the rear wheel (historically 3-6, nowadays 7-12 sprockets), the narrower the chain. Chains are sold according to the number of speeds they are designed to work with, for example, “10 speed chain”. Hub gear or single speed bicycles use 1/2″ x 1/8″ chains, where 1/8″ refers to the maximum thickness of a sprocket that can be used with the chain.

Typically chains with parallel shaped links have an even number of links, with each narrow link followed by a broad one. Chains built up with a uniform type of link, narrow at 1 and broad at the other end, can be made with an odd number of links, which can be an advantage to adapt to a special chainwheel-distance; on the other side such a chain tends to be not so strong.

Roller chains made using ISO standard are sometimes called as isochains.

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How does the chain size affect the performance of a chain coupling?

The chain size has a significant impact on the performance of a chain coupling. The size of the chain refers to the physical dimensions of the roller chain used in the coupling, including the pitch, roller diameter, and width. Here are some key ways in which the chain size affects the performance of a chain coupling:

• Torque Capacity: The chain size directly affects the torque capacity of the chain coupling. Larger chain sizes are generally capable of transmitting higher torque loads due to their increased contact area and greater strength. Smaller chain sizes, on the other hand, have lower torque capacities and are suitable for applications with lighter torque requirements.
• Speed Capability: The chain size also influences the speed capability of the chain coupling. Larger chains can typically handle higher rotational speeds without experiencing issues such as excessive vibration or centrifugal forces. Smaller chain sizes may have limitations in terms of maximum allowable speeds and may not be suitable for high-speed applications.
• Service Life: The selection of an appropriate chain size is crucial for achieving the desired service life of the chain coupling. If the chain is undersized for the application, it may experience premature wear, fatigue, and ultimately fail under the operating conditions. Conversely, using an oversized chain may result in unnecessary costs, increased weight, and reduced efficiency.
• Space Constraints: The physical size of the chain can also impact the overall dimensions and installation requirements of the chain coupling. Larger chain sizes may require more space for proper installation, including clearance for the chain links and sprockets. In applications with limited space, choosing a smaller chain size may be necessary to ensure proper fit and operation.
• Compatibility: The chain size should be compatible with the sprockets and other components of the chain coupling. It is important to ensure that the chain and sprockets are designed to work together, with matching dimensions and tooth profiles. Using an incompatible chain size can lead to poor engagement, increased wear, and reduced overall performance.

When selecting the appropriate chain size for a chain coupling, it is essential to consider the specific requirements of the application, including torque, speed, space limitations, and compatibility with other components. Consulting the manufacturer’s recommendations and guidelines is crucial to ensure the optimal chain size selection for the desired performance, reliability, and longevity of the chain coupling.

How does misalignment affect chain couplings?

Misalignment in chain couplings can have detrimental effects on their performance and lifespan. Here are some ways in which misalignment can affect chain couplings:

• Increase in Load: Misalignment puts additional load on the coupling components. When the shafts connected by the coupling are not properly aligned, the coupling must compensate for the angular, parallel, or axial misalignment. This increased load can lead to excessive stress and premature wear on the coupling components, such as sprockets, roller chain, and connecting pins.
• Uneven Load Distribution: Misalignment can cause an uneven distribution of load across the coupling. As a result, some sections of the coupling experience higher stresses than others. This uneven load distribution can lead to localized wear and fatigue, reducing the overall strength and reliability of the coupling.
• Reduced Power Transmission: Misalignment affects the efficiency of power transmission through the coupling. When the shafts are not properly aligned, there is increased friction and slippage between the roller chain and the sprockets. This slippage reduces the amount of power transferred from one shaft to another, resulting in a loss of efficiency and a decrease in the overall performance of the machinery or equipment.
• Increased Wear: Misalignment can accelerate wear on the coupling components. The misalignment causes the roller chain to operate at an angle or with excessive tension, causing additional stress and wear on the chain links, sprocket teeth, and connecting pins. The increased wear can lead to chain elongation, loss of engagement with the sprockets, and ultimately, coupling failure.
• Noise and Vibration: Misalignment often results in increased noise and vibration during operation. The misaligned coupling generates additional vibrations and impacts, leading to excessive noise and potential damage to the coupling and surrounding equipment. These vibrations can also propagate through the connected machinery, affecting its overall performance and reliability.

To mitigate the negative effects of misalignment, it is crucial to ensure proper alignment of the shafts and the chain coupling during installation and periodically check and adjust the alignment as needed. Proper alignment minimizes stress on the coupling components, maximizes power transmission efficiency, and extends the service life of the chain coupling.

How does a chain coupling work?

A chain coupling works by connecting two rotating shafts using a roller chain and sprockets. The sprockets have teeth that engage with the rollers of the chain, creating a positive drive mechanism.

When the first shaft rotates, it drives the sprocket attached to it. The engaged chain then transfers the motion to the second sprocket and the second shaft, causing it to rotate as well.

The chain coupling design allows for flexibility and misalignment compensation. In the presence of angular misalignment between the shafts, the chain can accommodate the deviation by flexing and adjusting its position on the sprockets. Similarly, if there is parallel misalignment or axial displacement, the chain coupling can flex and adjust to maintain proper engagement and transmit torque between the shafts.

The engagement between the sprocket teeth and the chain rollers ensures a positive drive, meaning that the torque from the driving shaft is efficiently transferred to the driven shaft. This makes chain couplings suitable for applications where high torque loads need to be transmitted.

Proper lubrication is essential for the smooth operation and longevity of a chain coupling. Lubricants such as oil or grease are applied to the chain and sprockets to reduce friction and wear. The lubrication helps prevent heat buildup and ensures the chain and sprockets rotate smoothly, minimizing power losses and extending the lifespan of the coupling.

In summary, a chain coupling operates by using a roller chain and sprockets to connect two rotating shafts. The engaged chain transfers torque from the driving shaft to the driven shaft, while accommodating misalignment between the shafts. The positive drive mechanism and the flexibility of the chain make chain couplings effective in transmitting high torque loads while allowing for smooth and reliable power transmission.

editor by CX 2024-04-19